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Fakhr al-Dīn Ibrahīm ‘Irāqī ((ペルシア語:فخرالدین ابراهیم عراقی); 10 June 1213 – 1289), Persian Sufi master, poet and writer. == Biography == Often referred to as ‘Araqi, he was born in the village of Kamjan near the city of Hamadan in Persia in 1213. During his lifetime he spent many years in Multan, (present day Pakistan) as well as Konya and Tokat in present day Turkey. He is known by many Sufis as a commenter on Sufi teachings, one of the great Persian poets, and an artist. ‘Iraqi is also considered to have reached an exalted station of spiritual realization within the Sufi tradition.〔Massé, H. "ʿIrāḳī, Fakhr al-Dīn Ibrāhīm ʿIrāḳī Hamadānī." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2010. Brill Online. Augustana. 3 April 2010 Born in 1213, ‘Iraqi lived during the height of the revival of Islamic spirituality. ‘Iraqi was highly educated in both theology and literary disciplines and it is believed that he not only knew the Holy Qur'an, hadith, commentary and Islamic theology (Kalam), but that he also knew Persian and Arabic literature. By the time he was seventeen ‘Iraqi had learned all the sciences there were to teach, and had even begun to teach others.〔Chittick, William C. and Peter Lamborn Wilson. ''Fakhruddin 'Iraqi: Divine Flashes.'' New York: Paulist Press, 1982. Pg 34.〕 Soon after he began teaching he met a group of qalandars or wandering dervishes and decided to join them.〔On the influence of the Qalandariyya on 'Iraqi, see Ashk Dahlén, ''The Holy Fool in Medieval Islam: The Qalandariyat of Fakhr al-din 'Araqi, Orientalia Suecana'', vol.52, 2004. After Shaykh's death ‘Iraqi left Multan and traveled first to Mecca and Medina and then towards present day Turkey. While in Konya where ‘Iraqi settled for a while he had the honor of meeting Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi and Jalaluddin Rumi, two of the best known Sufis of all time. ‘Iraqi would become good friends with Rumi however Quanwi would become a second Sufi master to ‘Iraqi who helped to shape him intellectually, as Shaykh shaped him spiritually. After Rumi's death ‘Iraqi moved to Tokat, also in present day Turkey. As ‘Araghi entered old age there was much upheaval in Tokat. The Byzantine Empire and Prince Kangirtay did not like ‘Iraqi because of the great influence he had over many of the people in Tokat, and the respect with which people honored him. And so, when Prince Kangirtay tried to have ‘Iraqi arrested he fled to Cairo. From there ‘Iraqi settled in Damascus where he would eventually die at the age of seventy-eight in 1289.〔Massé, H. "ʿIrāḳī, Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Ibrāhīm ʿIrāḳī Hamadānī." ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2010. Brill Online. Augustana. 3 April 2010 ‘Araghi was both a member of the school of Persian Sufi poetry but also has been identified with the Ibn Arabian school of Sufism. However, ‘Iraqi was also a Gnostic who often spoke in the language of love. For him, as well as many other Sufis, love was realized knowledge. ‘Iraqi's writing ''Lama’at'' (''Divine Flashes'') fits into a genre of Sufi writings which expresses certain doctrines in the language of love. As Shaykh Baha'uddin was dying, he named Fakhruddin 'Iraqi to be his successor. When it became known that 'Iraqi had been named head of the Suhrawardi Order, some in the order became jealous and denounced him to the Sultan who sought to have 'Araghi arrested. 'Iraqi fled the area with a few close companions, and they eventually made their way to Makkah and Medina. Later they moved north to Konya in Turkey. This was Konya at the time of Rumi. 'Araghi often listened to Rumi teach and recite poetry, and later attended Rumi's funeral. Although 'Araghi was nominally the head (in exile) of a large and respected Sufi order, he humbly became the disciple of another Sufi master Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi, who also lived in Konya at the time. Qunawi was the son-in-law of the recently deceased Sufi philosopher Ibn 'Arabi. Although less known in the West today, Qunawi was perhaps the pre-eminent Sufi teacher in Konya at the time, even better known than his neighbor Rumi. 'Iraqi was deeply devoted to Qunawi and to the teachings of Ibn 'Arabi. It was a series of speeches al-Qunawi delivered on the esoteric meaning of Ibn 'Arabi's great works that inspired 'Iraqi to compose his own masterpiece of commentary and poetry named the Lama'at or Divine Flashes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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